지밍이 블로그

##### Units 20-21. Will (Shall/Should)

~할 것이다.

#1. I'll (= I will)

a. We use I'll when we decide to do something at the time of speaking:

* You cannot use the simple present in these sentences.

+ Oh, I left the door ope. I'll go and shut it.

+ What would you like to drink?  -  I'll have some orange juice, please.

+ Did you call Julie?  -  Oh no, I forgot. I'll call her now.

+ I'll go and shut the door. (not I go and shut)

* We often use will in these situations:

Offering to do something(뭔가를 제공해 줄 수 있을 때): 

+ That bag looks heavy. I'll help you with it.

Agreeing to do something(뭔가에 동의할 때): 

+ A: Can you give Tim this book?

   B: Sure, I'll give it to him when I see hime this afternoon.

Promising to do something(먼가에 약속할 때):

+ Thanks for lending me the money. I'll pay you back on Friday.

+ I won't tell anyone what happened. I promise.

Asking somebody to do something(뭔가 할꺼냐고 물어볼때, Will you~?):

+ Will you please be quiet? I'm trying to concentrate.

+ Will you shut the door, please?

b. We often use I think I'll ... and I don't think I'll ...

+ I am a little hungry. I thing I'll have something to eat.

+ I don't think I'll go out tonight. (not I think I won't go out)

c. In spoken English, the negative of will is usually won't (= will not)

+ I can see you're busy, so I won't stay long.

* We can use won't to say that somebody refuses to do something: (거절/거부의 의미로도 사용)

+ I've tried to give her advice, but she won't listen.

+ The car won't start. (= The car "refuse" to start)

d. Do not use will to talk about what you have already decided or arranged to do in the future.

+ Ann is working next week. (not Ann will work)

+ Are you going to watch television tonight? (not Will you watch)

*But often, When we talk about the future, we are not talking about what somebody has decided to do.

=> When we predict a future happening or situation, we use will/won't.

하지만 종종 미래를 말할 때 결심한 상태를 말하지 만은 않는다. 미래 일어날 일이나 상황에 대해 예측할 때는 will/won't를 사용한다.

+ A: This is a very long line!       줄이 너무긴데!

   B: Don't worry. We'll get in.    걱정마, 우리 들어갈 수 있어.

+ Jill has lived abroad for a long time. When she come back, she'll find a lot of changes here.

+ A: Where will you be this time next year?  너 내년에 어디있을거 같아?

   B: I'll be in Japan.    나 일본에 있을거 같애.

+ That plate is hot. If you touch it, you'll burn yourself.

+ Tom won't pass the exam. He hasn't studied hard enough.

+ When will you find out how you did on the exam? 너 시험 어땠는지 언제 알아볼려고 하니?

f. We often use will('ll) with:

After I hope, we generally use the present:

+ I hope Kate passes the exam.

+ I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow.

# 2. Shall I / Shall we ...?

: Shall is used in the questions to ask somebody's opinion(especially in offers or suggestions):

+ Shall I open the window?  (= Do you want me to open the window?)

+ Where shall we have lunch?  =  Let's go to Marino's.

# 3. Should

: We use should more often in the same situations:

+ Should I open the window? (= Do you want me to open it?)

+ Where should we have lunch?

# Excercises

'+ Would you like tea or coffee?  -  "I'll have some coffee, please."

+ Thanks for letting me borrow your camera. I'll take it back to you o Monday, OK?

+ Don't be afraid of the dog. It won't hurt.

+ When the new road finished, I expect that my trip to work will take less time.

+ The sky is dark and cloudy. Do you think it will rain?

+ The meeting is still going on. When do you think it will end?

+ My car needs to be fixed. How much do you think it will cost?

+ Sally and David are in love. Do you think they'll get married?

+ The future is uncertain. What do you think will happen?

##### Unit 19. (I'm) going to (do)

~할 예정이다.

#1. I am going to do something = I have already decided to do it, I intend to do it:

+ 

A: Are you going to watch the football game on TV tonight?

B: No, I'm going to go to bed early. I'm tired from my trip.

+

A: I heard Lisa won some money. What is she going to do with it?

B: She's going to buy a new car.

+ I'm going to make a quick phone call. Can you wait for me?

+ This cheese smells awful. I'm not going to eat it.

* We use "I am doing (present continuous)" when we say what we have arranged to do,

"I am going to do  something" = I've decided to do it (but perhaps not arranged to do it).

+ What time are you meeting Amanda tonight?

+ I'm leaving tomorrow. I already have my plane ticket.

+ The windows are dirty. I'm going to wash them later.

=> I've decided to wash them, but I haven't arranged to wash them.

+ I've decided not to stay here any longer. Tomorrow I'm going to look for another place to live.

#2. You can also say that "something is going to happen" in the future.

* situation now -> future happening

+ The man can't see the wall in front of him. He is going to walk in to the wall.

   그는 앞에 벽을 못봤어. 그는 벽을 향해 걸어가고 있어. => 미래에 벽에 부딪힐 상황을 우리로 하여금 알게(믿게) 만듬

+ Look at those dark clouds! It's going to rain. (the clouds are there now) 비가 올거라는 걸 예상할 수 있음

+ I feel awful. I think I'm going to be sick. (I feel awful now) 

+ The economic situation is bad now, and thins are going to get worse.

#3. I was going to (do something) = I intended to do it, but didn't do it: (과거에 의도하였으나, 실제로 하지는 않았음)

+ We were going to fly to New York, but then we decided to drive instead.

+ Peter was going to take the exam, but he changed his mind.

+ I was just going to cross the street when somebody shouted, "Stop!"

We can say that "something was going to happen" (but didn't happen): (수동태가능)

+ I thought it was going to rain, but it didn't it. (but, didn't happen)

# Exercises

+ You bought a sweater, but it doesn't fit you very well. You have decided to return it.

+ You have been offered a job, but you have decided not to take it.

+ The food is awful.

+ It is 8:30. Tom is leaving his house. He should be at work at 8:45, but it takes him 30 minutes to get there. He is going to be late.

+ We were going to fly to New York, but then we decided to drive instead.

##### Unit 18. Present Tense (I am doing / I do) with a Future Meaning

현재진행/현재 시제 (미래의미)

#1. Present Continuous (I am doing) with a future meaning

a. We  can use Present continuous with a future meaning when we has already decided and arranged to do something.

+ This is Ben's calendar for next week.

- He is playing tennis on Monday afternoon.

- He is going to the dentist on Tuesday morning.

- He is having dinner with ann on Friday.

=> In all these examples, Ben has already decided and arranged to do these things.

"I'm going to (do)" is also possible, but the present continuous is more natural for arranged to do.

+ What are you going to do Saturday night?

- I'm going to the theater.

+ What time is Cathy arriving tomorrow?

- At 10:30. I'm meeting her at the airport.

Do not use "will" to talk about what you have arranged to do.

b. You can also the present continuous for an action just before you begin to do it. (막 방금 시작한거)

This happens especially with verbs of movement (go / come / leave, etc.):

+ I'm tried. I'm going to bed now. Good night.

+ Tina, are you ready yet?  - Yes, I'm coming.

#2. Simple Present (I do) with a future meaning 

a. You can use the simple present when you talk about schedules, programs, etc. 

(for public transportation, movies, etc.):

+ My flight leaves at 11:30, so I need to get to the airport by 10:00.

+ What time does the movie begin?

+ It's Wednesday tomorrow. Tomorrow is Wednesday. (소름돋음ㅋㅋ)

b. You can use the simple present to talk about people if their plans are fixed like a schedule:

+ I start my new job on Monday.

+ What time do you finish work tomorrow?

*but, the continuous is more commonly used for personal arrangements

+ What time are you meeting Ann tomorrow?

# 3. Compare :